Pool water is prone to the development of bacteria and microorganisms, as well as to the development of parasites as a result of the development of algae. Along with the regulation of pH value of the water, the most important treatment is disinfection. Disinfection destroys microorganisms present in the water and it ensures that the water is bacteriologically safe, suitable for swimming.
Water in swimming pools is being treated with agents for regulation of pH values, disinfection and purification of water. It is also being treated with agents for the prevention of the development of algae.
There are also agents used in order to prepare the pools for winter period and agents used during preparation of the pools for the new season: for washing, limescale removal and degreasers.
The level of pH value of the water marks the activity of hydrogen ions in the water. This value tells us if the water is acidic (pH 0 – 6,9), neutral (pH 7,0) or alkali (pH 7,1 – 14). For pool water, the best value is 7,0 – 7,4. Any divergence from these values would have a negative impact on the pool water quality. It needs to be stressed that each value is 10 times higher or lower than the next one. In other words, pH 4 is 10 times more acidic than pH 5, and 100 times more acidic than pH 6.
As disinfectant agents, we most often use chlorine agents which have their advantages over ozone or active oxygen because they cause resistance, i.e. after the initial disinfecting action in the water there is still some amount of free chlorine which has not reacted yet and it provides disinfection for a prolonged period of time – until it is completely expended or dissolved. Therefore, while using some alternative methods of disinfection, such as ozone treatment, it is necessary to add chlorine to the water for resistance. The advantage of disinfection with chlorine agents is that chlorine is an oxidant and it not only destroys the microorganisms but it also destroys the suspended organic particles which cannot be destroyed by filtering.
Algae can influence blurring of water, change in colour and appearance of an unpleasant smell of water. Presence of algae can first be sensed if we notice that the walls of the pool become slippery or somewhat slimy which is the first signal that algae have begun to develop, and after that they also become visible to the naked eye. Algae themselves do not cause infections but they provide perfect habitat for the development of other microorganisms which could be infectious. Periodically, there are concentrated agents added to the water to destroy the algae effectively, as well as to prevent their emergence.
The level of pH value of the water marks the activity of hydrogen ions in the water. This value tells us if the water is acidic (pH 0 – 6,9), neutral (pH 7,0) or alkali (pH 7,1 – 14). For pool water, the best value is 7,0 – 7,4. Any divergence from these values would have a negative impact on the pool water quality. It needs to be stressed that each value is 10 times higher or lower than the next one. In other words, pH 4 is 10 times more acidic than pH 5, and 100 times more acidic than pH 6.
As disinfectant agents, we most often use chlorine agents which have their advantages over ozone or active oxygen because they cause resistance, i.e. after the initial disinfecting action in the water there is still some amount of free chlorine which has not reacted yet and it provides disinfection for a prolonged period of time – until it is completely expended or dissolved. Therefore, while using some alternative methods of disinfection, such as ozone treatment, it is necessary to add chlorine to the water for resistance. The advantage of disinfection with chlorine agents is that chlorine is an oxidant and it not only destroys the microorganisms but it also destroys the suspended organic particles which cannot be destroyed by filtering.
Algae can influence blurring of water, change in colour and appearance of an unpleasant smell of water. Presence of algae can first be sensed if we notice that the walls of the pool become slippery or somewhat slimy which is the first signal that algae have begun to develop, and after that they also become visible to the naked eye. Algae themselves do not cause infections but they provide perfect habitat for the development of other microorganisms which could be infectious. Periodically, there are concentrated agents added to the water to destroy the algae effectively, as well as to prevent their emergence.
If there is increased blurring of the water, flocculants, concentrated agent for clarity of water which groups the tiny particles of impurities into bigger units, are added to water. After the flocculants are added, the filtration pump should be left on for 8 to 10 hours, so that all of the flocculent can gather on filters. The filtration pump should then be turned off. After waiting for additional 3 to 4 hours, filters should be washed, and, if necessary, the pool cleaned with a suction cleaner.
Chlorides and sulfates are salts which are automatically added during water treatment process, together with many other cleaning and maintenance agents. If, due to the lack of fresh water, there is a built-up of chloride and sulfates, it can lead to corrosion of metal and concrete parts of the pool. It is, by any means, necessary to avoid concentrations higher than 150mg/l. Preventive measures are taken by regular cleaning of the filters and by adding fresh water, i.e. by replacement of saturated water with fresh water.
Hardness of water is the information about the quantity of minerals dissolved in the water, i.e. the quantity of calcium, magnesium and other salts. The biggest issue results from the dissolution of minerals on the walls of pipes, filters and reservoirs. Removal of calcium sediment in the pipes and equipment is often almost impossible and it often implies replacing parts or the whole device. The hardness of water can be expressed in several ways, and in order to measure and compare waters of different hardnesses different systems are used (German, French or English). The system that is most commonly used in Croatia is the German one (°DH) which is defined as the hardness of water with 10 mg of CaO dissolved in one litre of water. To prepare softened water we use ionic filters (softeners), which consist of an ionic cell filled with certain quantity of ionic mass. It draws to itself ions of calcium and magnesium, and it replaces them with the ions of sodium, which removes the hardness of water. When the mass is saturated, by releasing certain quantity of kitchen salt (NaCl), it again turns into active form and it is again ready to soften certain quantities of water.
Classification of water based on hardness: :
0-4 °DH | very soft water |
4-8 °DH | soft water |
8-18 °DH | medium hard water |
18-30 °DH | hard water |
> 30 °DH | very hard water |
Regardless whether we are talking about a small home sauna or a public pool, regular maintenance is the only guarantee of undisturbed operations and safe usage. Health checks and services are adjusted to the purpose or frequency with which certain systems are being used.
Regular maintenance has preventive effect on noticing potential malfunctions and repairing them early on. It also extends the lifespan of the devices and equipment, which, eventually leads to significant savings.
of the damaged pool constructions-replacement of damaged and worn-out installations-upgrade and modernization of the installed systems
By hovering your mouse over the photo, you will see what the pool looks like after restoration.
By hovering your mouse over the photo, you will see what the pool looks like after restoration.